According to the
Kenya
National Bureau of Statistics, only 12 of every 100 people are
classified as poor in Kajiado, whereas in Turkana 94 people of 100 live
in abject poverty.
Why are there such huge and embarrassing disparities 50 years on?
The first thing to take on board is the contrasting geographical makeup of
Kenya. Only a fifth to a quarter of
Kenya can be classified as even good or reasonable arable land. The vast majority of
Kenya ranges between arid scrubland to desert.
The
bulk of economic activity has been highly concentrated in this
productive agricultural zone giving rise to several major rural urban
centres.The majority of the country’s population lives in this zone.
Conversely
economic activity declines in relative levels as one gravitates away
from this rich agricultural belt into these arid areas. Turkana is
literarily at the end of the food chain whereas much of Kajiado borders
or is close to
Kenya’s agricultural heartland.
While
there has been generous lip service paid to the cause of national
development nationwide, the reality on the ground is the complete
opposite. The more remote the area the more it is likely to have only a
skeleton of economic activity and an outpost form of government
administration.
Kenya
remains a highly unequal country with around 20 per cent of its
population accounting for the half the national income at one end and
the bottom 20 per cent scratching around with a mere five per cent of
the national income.
It is in the same league as the two countries traditionally considered as the most unequal in the world namely
Brazil and
South Africa and much more unequal than our neighbours Tanzania and Uganda.
As
well as the divide between the economically productive areas versus the
rest divide there is the unequal access to education, jobs, credit,
land and markets which is underpinned by this geographical divide.
Three
other dimensions of inequality are between the sexes, the rural urban
divide regardless of region and the divide between the formal and
informal sectors of activity.
Indeed some of these inequalities have become more entrenched over the years. In 1972 one in four urban
Kenyans
had formal jobs but by 2008 it was one in eight. The figures are
starker in the rural areas with one in 25 having a formal job in 1974
increasing to one in 34 by 2007.
THE STD